Descartes' Gravitational Lensing

The phenomenon of gravitational lensing is the change in the apparent position of a star by the meddling of another star or a galaxy.

This is currently credited to Einstein through his General Relativity Theory in 1919.

Unknown to many, Descartes had already described gravitational lensing as “refractios de rayons” way back in 1633.

Unlike General Relativity which bases the cause to spacetime being ‘warped’ by stellar or gravitational mass, Descartes’ refraction is caused by:

• the density of spatial vortices, and
• the position of its observer

This refraction has been seen in:

• Comet tails, as most obviously seen in the anti-tail of the comet 3I Atlas
• Bullet Cluster
• The Eddington Experiment

The comet’s tail is caused by a new type of refraction. I did not discuss this in Dioptrics because it is not observed in terrestrial bodies.

Rene Descartes

Principia Philosophia, Part 3, Article 134

In Cartesian Physics, all stars and galaxies have a 3D area-of-influence in the universal ocean.

• This ocean dynamics is from the liquid nature of the 2nd Element or invisible space particles
• This area is centered on a central vortex.

This vortex can be weak or strong, spinning or not-so-spinning

• For galaxies, this leads to elliptical or non-elliptical shapes

There is no Dark Matter

Bullet Cluster: Separation by Collision

Physicists cite the Bullet Cluster as as proof of matter-less lensing.

• This leads them to invent dark matter since Newtonian Physics believes that lensing is caused by gravity, and gravity comes from matter.
• So dark matter is invisible matter

But Cartesian Physics KNOWS that gravity comes from virtual (invisible) space particles called the 2nd Element which is totally different from matter, which Descartes called the 3rd Element.

• This difference of 2nd and 3rd Elements explains why they can be separated in the Bullet Cluster
• Normally, they are united in planets, stars, and most galaxies.

Trainwreck Cluster: Separation by Tug of War

This is also proven by the ’trainwreck’ cluster Abell 520, wherein dark matter cannot explain why the gravitational-lensing part is so far away from the mass parts.

Cartesian Physics explains that this is because the 2nd Element is superior to the 3rd Element.

• The 2nd Element can exist independently
• But the 3rd Element always needs to be within the 2nd Element territory

The 2nd Element vortices of the galaxies within Trainwreck Cluster act against each other.

• This dislodges the matter or 3rd Element from other galaxies in a tug of war without any collision

A better name for the train wreck cluster would be “Tug of War Cluster”.